Vol 19, No 1-4 (2022)

The literature review is devoted to studies of the role of innate immunity cells – mast cells in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. In recent years, the cells of innate immunity have been the subject of active research in the pathology of the endocrine system. Despite numerous studies of the mechanisms of the disease, the immunopathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome is still not clear, which does not allow to completely solve the complex of reproductive, metabolic and psychological problems in this pathology. The search for molecular markers to control the course and prognosis of the disease is an urgent medical problem.

Aim of the study. To investigate the effect of recombinant galectin-3 on the cytokines secretion of various subpopulations of helper-lymphocytes (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) in culture in vitro. Material and methods. The material for the study was peripheral blood from healthy people (n=17), from which lymphocytes were isolated by gradient centrifugation. Lymphocytes were cultured for 72 hours in a CO2-incubator with recombinant galectin-3 and activating antibodies (antiCD3/antiCD28). The concentration of cytokines (IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNγ, TNFα, TGFβ1) in the supernatants of lymphocyte cultures was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results. Recombinant galectin-3 in vitro enhanced the secretion of IL-17A, IL-22 by lymphocytes, acting at a dose of 0.5 μg/ml; IL-13, TNFα and IFNγ at doses of 0.5 μg/ml and 1 μ/ml (more pronounced when acting at a dose of 0.5 μg/ml) and inhibited the production of IL-17, IL-22 at a dose of 1 μg/ml and IL-10, TGFβ1 when testing both concentrations. Conclusion: Galectin-3 has a dose-dependent modulating effect on the cytokine-producing function of healthy donors lymphocytes in vitro. Functional imbalance in blood lymphocytes under the action of recombinant galectin-3 is manifested by induction of pro-inflammatory (IFNγ, IL-17, IL-22, TNFα) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin-13) cytokines secretion, against the background of oppression of the suppressor cytokines (IL-10 and TGFβ1) production. A detailed study of the immunotropic effects of galectin-3 in relation to individual lymphocytes subpopulations is relevant from the view point of development new approaches to the treatment of tumor and autoimmune diseases accompanied by excessive production of this lectin.

The aim of the present study was to determine the serum level of IL-1β, TNF-α IL-17A, INF-γ, IL-10 in patients with retinal neurodegeneration against the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study included 80 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which were divided into 4 groups depending on the presence of vascular symptoms of diabetic retinopathy and retinal neurodegeneration. The level of cytokines was determined using solid-phase ELISA. In groups of patients with retinal neurodegeneration, a significant (p<0.05) increase in IL-1β and a decrease in IL-10 were detected. The presence of vascular changes in the retina did not affect the level of cytokines studied. The identified changes show the role of systemic imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the induction of retinal neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy. Further study of this problem is required in order to search for possible immune markers of retinal neurodegeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: to investigate pro- and anti-inflammatory blood markers in young people with arterial hypertension (AH) against the background of abdominal obesity (AO).

Materials and methods: the study included 530 people, including 267 people with hypertension, of which 169 were with AO. In the control group (without AH) there were 263 people comparable in gender and age, with AO - 106 people. The content of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 (monocytic chemoatractant protein), PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), IL-10, IL-17a, IL-17e, IL-17f were determined in all blood by multiplex analysis. Statistical processing was carried out in the SPSS 13.0 program.

Results: The level of IL-17a was 1.64 times higher in patients with hypertension (p<0.05) compared to the control. The level of IL-6 in patients with hypertension was higher (p<0.0001) by 52.91% compared to the group without hypertension. There was no difference between the control and the group with hypertension for the remaining biomarkers. The influence of AO on the level of the studied markers in the control group was not revealed. In the group with AH, a significantly higher level of PAI-1 (p<0.05) was in the subgroup with AO. For subgroups with AO, the difference between patients without AH and with AH was manifested in a decrease in IL-17e and an increase in IL-6 in patients with AH (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found for the remaining indicators. The relative chance of early hypertension was associated with the presence of AO and an increase in the level of IL-6.

Conclusion: From the markers of inflammation studied by us, an increased level of IL-6 and IL-17a can serve as potential biomarkers indicating a high probability of developing early hypertension in people under 45 years of age.

Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness of detoxification using enterosorbents in the immunorehabilitation of cancer patients.

Materials and methods. 87 patients with metastatic forms of solid tumors of various localizations with metastatic lesions were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: study group (41 patients who received detoxification therapy in addition to standard therapy) and comparison group (46 patients who received only standard therapy). The effectiveness of therapy with these drugs was evaluated after one month by assessing clinical and immunological parameters. The assessment of the state of cellular immunity was carried out by flow cytometry.

Results. Disturbances in the function of the immune system in the form of insufficiency of the cellular effector link of immunity were detected in all examined patients before the start of therapy. The state of the cellular link of immunity was characterized by an increase in the number of transitional and non-classical subsets of monocytes, an increase in the content of T-, B- and NKT-cells, but with a decrease in NK-cells. An increase in the ratio between the number of T-helpers (CD3+CD4+) and the number of cytotoxic T-cells (CD3+CD8+) was observed in the examined patients. Restoration of cell subsets to the level of control values was found in the examined patients after detoxification therapy as part of immunorehabilitation measures. Significant changes in the number of cells in the blood were absent in the comparison group after the therapy which indicated the absence of a complete relief of the systemic inflammatory response.

Conclusion. Chronic toxicosis with the development of a systemic inflammatory reaction on the background of the immune system dysfunctions were found in cancer patients. The use of enterosorbents in complex immunorehabilitation therapy is substantiated and confirmed by the relief of asthenovegetative and dyspeptic syndromes, normalization of the immune system which makes it possible to recommend detoxification therapy during immunorehabilitation measures.

The results of physiological and immunological studies of rat pups born from females who were exposed to passive smoking and exposure to tetrapeptide KK1 during pregnancy are presented. From the 1st to the 21st postnatal days, the somatic and sensorimotor development of offspring was studied using a set of tests developed at the P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology. The level of cytokines IFN gamma and IL-6 produced by rat splenocytes was studied in culture fluid by the ELISA method. In baby rats born from passively smoking females, compared with animals born from non-smoking rats, a decrease in the weight of baby rats was found, as well as a delay in the timeliness of somatic and sensorimotor development. The introduction of the peptide KK 1 non-smoking females increases the index of timeliness of somatic and sensorimotor development.

The results obtained show an induced variant of secondary immunodeficiency in baby rats born from passively smoking rats during pregnancy. Administration of the KK1 peptide to non-smoking rats did not change the immunological parameters of the baby rats. On the contrary, the production of peptide KK1 by pregnant rats who smoked was accompanied by changes in the number of cells in lymphoid organs and the production of cytokines by splenocytes in the born rats.