Skin morphology of five species of rock lizards of the genus Darevskia (Lacertidae, Squamata)

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The microstructure of the tuberculate dorsal and lamellar ventral skin of the body in rock lizards of different ages (Darevskia raddei, D. nairensis, D. valentini, D. dahli, D. armeniaca) has been described for the first time. The thickness of the skin in the most xerophilic species (D. raddei) is less than that in the more hygrophilic species. Rock lizards have single or paired longitudinal skin folds that are not closed from the side, which stretch along the inner side of the scales to its distal edge. Small folds are also present in the lining of the squamous pocket; they consist of all layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. A large fold is able to completely block the cavity of the squamous pocket, the volume of which changes with the contraction of the subcutaneous muscle bundles reaching the bases of the scales. Small folds are also present on the scales of tuberous skin. In hygrophilic lizards (Zootoca vivipara), similar formations appear at later stages of postnatal ontogenesis than in rock lizards. The probable functional significance of the described skin structures is discussed.

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Sobre autores

O. Chernova

A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: olga.chernova.moscow@gmail.com
Rússia, Moscow, 119071

E. Galoyan

A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: olga.chernova.moscow@gmail.com
Rússia, Moscow, 119071

Yu. Ivlev

A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: olga.chernova.moscow@gmail.com
Rússia, Moscow, 119071

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2. Fig. 1. An adult specimen of Darevskia valentini in its natural habitat (a) and the appearance of the skin of a juvenile D. valentini (b), on the left – dorsal side, on the right – ventral side, the red dashed line indicates the places where histology samples were taken (sagittal sections). The scale is 2 mm.

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3. Fig. 2. Microstructure of tubercular dorsal scales in adult specimens of Darevskia armeniaca (a), D. nairensis (b) and D. dahli (c) on sagittal sections: 1 – scale, 2 – Oberhäutchen – cuticle and β-layer, 3 – epidermis, 4 – melanophore layer, 5– dermis, 6 – lacuna of subcutaneous tissue, 7 – a blood vessel with erythrocytes, 8 – subcutaneous tissue, 9 – striated musculature, 10 – the cavity of the interstitial pocket. The arrows indicate osteoderms. Here and in Figures 3-6, a skin section at the resting stage of the epidermis. Staining with hematoclinin-eosin. Microphoto. The scale is 20 microns.

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4. Fig. 3. Microstructure of the abdominal shields of an adult Darevskia dahli on sagittal sections. A longitudinal skin fold on the ventral surface of the scales, forming an open tube (a). General view (b, d). Lacunae of subcutaneous tissue lying under the dermal layer (c). Designations as in Fig. 2, 11 – an open cavity of the tubular fold. Staining with hematoxylin-eosin. Microphoto. The scale is 20 microns.

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5. Fig. 4. Microstructure of tubercular dorsal scales (c) and abdominal shields (a, b, d) of adult specimens of Darevskia nairensis (a, b) and D. raddei (c, d) on sagittal sections. Notation as in Fig. 2, 3, 12 – xanthophore layer, 13 – pigmented lining of the abdominal cavity. Staining with hematoxylin-eosin + sudan W (lipid layers not detected) (c, d). Microphoto. The scale is 20 microns.

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6. Fig. 5. Microstructure of tubercular dorsal scales (a) and abdominal shields (b, c, d) of juvenile specimens of Darevskia valentini on sagittal sections: a, b – No. 7, c – No. 6, d – No. 5. The designations as in Fig. 2, 3, 4, 13 are a fat cell with a nucleus (indicated by an arrow). Staining with hematoxylin-eosin. Microphoto. The scale is 20 microns.

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7. Fig. 6. Microstructure of tubercular dorsal scales (a, b) and abdominal shields (c, d) of the trunk in an adult female Zootoca vivipara on sagittal sections. The designations as in Fig. 2-5, 14 are the skin fold. The arrow indicates the osteoderm. Staining with hematoclinin-eosin. Microphoto. The scale is 20 microns.

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8. Fig. 7. Diagram of the structure of the ventral scales of adult (a) and juvenile (b) lizards of the genus Darevskia: 1 – the cuticle (Oberhäutchen), 2 – the underlying layers of the epidermis and dermis, 3 – subcutaneous tissue with bundles of muscle fibers, 4 – subcutaneous musculature, 5 – the cavity of the intercostal pocket, 6 – connective tissue-a woven valve capable of locking the cavity of the interchannel pocket, 7 – skin folds of the bottom part of the interchannel pocket, 8 – skin diverticulum of the caudal edge of the flap.

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9. 8. The absolute thickness of the skin and its various layers (microns) on the dorsal (1) and ventral (2) parts of the body of the studied lizards. The thickness of the skin without a cuticle with a beta layer (a) (here are data on the thickness of the skin in both specimens of Zootoca vivipara), the thickness of the cuticle with a beta layer (b), and the epidermis (c).

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10. Fig. 9. The values of the thickness of the skin and its various layers (microns/mm) on the dorsal (1) and ventral (2) sides of the trunk of the studied lizards, reduced to body length (SVL). The total thickness of the skin (a), the thickness of the cuticle with the beta layer (b), and the epidermis (c).

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11. 10. The thickness of the cuticle with the β-layer (Ob+β: upper part of the diagram) and the epidermis (ep: lower part of the diagram) relative to the thickness of the entire skin on the dorsal (1) and ventral (2) parts of the body of the studied lizards.

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