Influence of dispersion medium and precipitating agent on sol and gel formation of lead zirconate-titanate ceramic precursor

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In the present paper, we report data on the influence of choice of dispersion medium-precipitating agent pair on sol-gel process for lead zirconate-titanate ceramic precursor manufacturing. Acetic acid and 2-methoxyethanol were studied as dispersion media, whereas ethylene glycol and water – as respective precipitating agents. Changes in optical, rheological properties and particle size distributions during the sol-gel transition were studied at different concentrations of precipitating agents. It was shown that the nature and relative concentration of dispersion medium and precipitating agent provide wide-range control of lead zirconate-titanate sol and gel properties as well as the rate of sol-gel process, mechanism of formation and structure of the gels.

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N. Paramonova

Акционерное общество «Научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов на основе графита «НИИграфит»

Email: danilovegor1@gmail.com
俄罗斯联邦, ул. Электродная, 2, Москва, 111524

E. Danilov

Акционерное общество «Научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов на основе графита «НИИграфит»

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: danilovegor1@gmail.com
俄罗斯联邦, ул. Электродная, 2, Москва, 111524

E. Ivanova

Акционерное общество «Научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов на основе графита «НИИграфит»

Email: danilovegor1@gmail.com
俄罗斯联邦, ул. Электродная, 2, Москва, 111524

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the sol–gel synthesis of the PZT gel precursor.

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3. Fig. 2. Time of formation of a dense gel-precursor of CTS at different values ​​of H. Dispersion medium and precipitating agent: ME + H2Odist (a), UK + EG (b).

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4. Fig. 3. Change in optical density at a wavelength of 550 nm during the gelation process of the PZT precursor sol obtained by the sol–gel method based on various dispersion media and precipitating agents: ME + H2Odist (a), UK + EG (b). The H values ​​are given in the field of the figures.

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5. Fig. 4. Proposed schematic diagram of gel formation.

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6. Fig. 5. Appearance of gels: ME + H2Odist (a). From left to right: H = 228, 193, 163, 131, 121, 111, 98; UK + EG (b). From left to right: H = 79, 60, 39, 16, 8.

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7. Fig. 6. Dependence of the optical density of the sol–gel transition on the value of H: sol based on ME + H2Odist (a), (optical absorption of the sol at the 5th minute of gel formation), sol based on UK + EG (b) (optical absorption of the sol at the 25th minute of gel formation).

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8. Fig. 7. Change in average particle sizes during the gelation process of the PZT precursor sol obtained by the sol–gel method based on different dispersion media and precipitating agents: ME + H2Odist (a), UK + EG (b). The H values ​​are given in the field of the figures.

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9. Fig. 8. Change in dynamic viscosity during the gelation process of the sol-precursor of PZT obtained by the sol-gel method based on various dispersion media and precipitating agents: ME + H2Odist (a), UK + EG (b). The values ​​of H are given in the field of the figures.

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