Modification of the Extracellular Matrix of the Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells during Long-Term Modeling of Microgravity Effects

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Abstract

It is known that microgravity leads to significant changes in the functioning of human physiological systems. In vitro, mechanosensitive cells also adapt to microgravity, demonstrating a rearrangement of cytoskeletal elements and functional activity. The effect of long-term microgravity simulated on a randomization position device (Gravite®) was studied on cultured multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of umbilical cord tissue. After 21 days of exposure, the cells retained high viability and a characteristic stromal phenotype. The expression of CD90 and CD105 markers involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion increased on their surface. The cytokine profile changed, and the concentration of pleiotropic cytokines MCP-3, GM-CSF, and PDGF-AA, which potentiate metalloproteinase activity, increased. The expression of the genes encoding MMP1 and osteocalcin increased, and decreased in case of osteopontin. The main extracellular matrix proteins — fibronectin, collagen, and osteopontin — were visualized in both experimental groups, while collagen was more pronounced in microgravity. The described changes indicate adaptive changes in the local microenvironment and remodeling of the extracellular matrix in response to prolonged exposure to simulated microgravity while the functional activity of mesenchymal stromal cells is maintained.

About the authors

A. N Gornostaeva

Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: HindIII@yandex.ru
Moscow, Russia

Yu. A Romanov

National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; CryoCenter Cord Blood Bank

Moscow, Russia; Moscow, Russia

L. B Buravkova

Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences

Moscow, Russia

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