Impact of interactions between Su(Hw)-dependent insulators on the transvection effect in Drosophila melanogaster

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Abstract

Transvection is a phenomenon of interallelic communication in which enhancers can activate a specific promoter located on a homologous chromosome. Insulators play a significant role in ensuring functional interactions between enhancers and promoters. In the presented work, we created the model where two or three copies of the insulator are located next to enhancers and promoters localized on homologous chromosomes. Using the Su(Hw) insulator as model, we showed that the functional interaction between a pair of insulators promotes enhancer-promoter trans interactions. The interaction between the three insulators, on the contrary, can lead to the formation of chromatin loops that sterically hinder the full enhancer-promoter interaction. The results of the work suggest the participation of insulators in the regulation of homologous chromosome pairing and in communication between distant genomic loci.

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About the authors

L. S. Melnikova

Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: lsm73@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. V. Molodina

Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: lsm73@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

P. G. Georgiev

Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: lsm73@mail.ru

Academician of the RAS

Russian Federation, Moscow

A. K. Golovnin

Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: lsm73@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic representation of transgenes. The name of the transgene is indicated above each diagram. The attB website is depicted as a rectangle and signed. Protein binding sites Su(Hw) (S×4) – vertical rectangles; enhancers of eyes (E), bristles (Br), wing plates (W) and body (B) – ovals; FRT and loxP sites – horizontal arrows; promoters of yellow (y) and white (w) genes – squares inside rectangles representing genes, the direction of transcription of which is indicated by an arrow.

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3. Fig. 2. The effect of interactions of a pair of insulators on transactivation of model genes in the WBS×4w/ES×4 line and its derivatives (The effect of insulators pair interactions on trans activation of model genes in the WBS×4w/ES×4 line and its derivatives). Homologous chromosomes are depicted as bold black and gray lines; ΔSu(Hw) indicates the inactivation of the Su(Hw) protein as a result of the introduction of a combination of su(Hw)v/su(Hw) mutations into the line2. The rest of the designations, as in Fig. 1.

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4. 3. The effect of three insulatory interactions on the transactivation of model genes in ES×4/WBS×4w lines and their derivatives (The effect of three insulatory interactions on the transactivation of model genes in ES×4/WBS×4w line and its derivatives). All symbols are as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

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