Calcium-activated chloride channels. Role of potassium ions

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Abstract

Using the patch-clamp method in the whole-cell configuration, it was shownthat external potassium ions play an important role in the regulation of calcium-activated chloride currents. A clear dependence of the amplitude of chloride currents on changes in the concentration of external potassium is shown. Changes in concentration of sodium, magnesium and calcium ions from membrane outside have no so significant effect, like outside potassium ions. The effect of potassium on the amplitudes of chloride currents is significantly greater than the effect it has on other cell ionic currents — sodium, potassium, cation. There is reason to believe that a change in the amplitudes of chloride currents contributes to the pathophysiological processes characteristic of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia.

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V. L. Zamoysky

Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: vzam@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Chernogolovka

A. V. Gabrelian

Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: vzam@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Chernogolovka

V. V. Grigoriev

Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: vzam@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Chernogolovka

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2. Fig. 1. a - series of depolarising pulses applied to the cell, from the fixation potential (-70 mV), in 10 mV steps, to +30 mV at the membrane, in whole-cell configuration; b - recorded response of cell currents to depolarising pulses; c - currents appearing at the end of depolarising pulses

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3. Fig. 2. Effect of different potassium concentrations in the outer solution on the amplitude of chlorine currents. The intra-pipette solution contains 120 mM potassium. Fixation potential (-70 mV). a - integral cell response in solution with [K+]nar. = 0 mM (n= 9); b - response in solution with [K+]nar. = 5 mM (n= 20); c - response in solution with [K+]nar. = 9 mM (n= 7); d - response in solution with [K+]nar. = 15 mM (n= 4); e - plots of volt-ampere characteristics plotted for CAHT at different values of [K+]nar. On the abscissa axis - current value in nanoamperes, on the ordinate axis - membrane potential in millivolts. Squares - [K+]nar. = 0 mM, circles - [K+]nat. = 5 mM, triangles - [K+]nat. = 9 mM, inverted triangles - [K+]nar. = 15 mM

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4. Fig. 3. Effect of different potassium concentrations in the external solution on the amplitude of inward and outward currents in Purkinje neurons. a - plot of the dependence of the amplitude of fast sodium currents on [K+]nar. = 0 mM (circles), [K+]nar. = 5 mM (squares) and [K+]nar. = 9 mM (triangles). VPR with potassium; b, plot of the dependence of the amplitude of fast sodium currents on [K+]nar. = 0 mM (circles), [K+]nar. = 5 mM (squares) and [K+]nar. = 9 mM (triangles). VPR with caesium; c, plot of the dependence of the amplitude of the maximum outgoing current on [K+]nar. = 0 mM (circles), [K+]nar. = 5 mM (squares) and [K+]nar. = 9 mM (triangles). VPR with potassium; d, plot of the dependence of the amplitude of the maximum outgoing current on [K+]nar. = 0 mM (circles), [K+]nar. = 5 mM (squares) and [K+]nar. = 9 mM (triangles). VPR with caesium

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5. Fig. 4. Effect of different potassium concentrations in the external solution on the amplitude of chlorine currents; VPR contains 120 mM caesium. a - whole-cell currents at [K+]nar. = 0 mM; b - whole-cell currents at [K+]nar. = 5 mM; c - whole-cell currents at [K+]nar. = 9 mM; d - whole cell currents at [K+]nar. = 15 mM; e - plot of volt-ampere characteristics of CAHT at [K+]nar. = 0 mM (circles); at [K+]nar. = 5 mM (squares); at [K+]nar. = 9 mM (triangles); at [K+]nar. = 15 mM (rhombuses)

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6. Fig. 5. Effect of external solution cations on the amplitude of CACT. a - effect of sodium ions (black squares - 140 mM sodium outside, black circles - 0 mM sodium outside) WRP with caesium; b - different concentration of magnesium ions (squares - 2 mM, circles - 5 mM, triangles - 9 mM) WRP with caesium; c - external calcium (squares - 2 mM, circles - 5 mM) WRP with potassium

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7. Fig. 6. CACT amplitudes. a - at different potassium ion concentrations on the outer side (circles - [K+]nar. = 0 mM, squares - [K+]nar. = 5 mM, triangles - [K+]nar. = 15 mM); b - at different concentrations of caesium ions from the outer side (circles - [Cs+]nar. = 5 mM, squares - [Cs+]nar. = 9 mM, triangles - [Cs+]nar. = 15 mM)

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8. Fig. 7. Effects of low (a) and high (b) concentrations of potassium ions on the outside of the membrane of a single cell. A1 - [K+]nar. = 0 mM, A2 - [K+]nar. = 1 mM, A3 - [K+]nar. = 2 mM, A4 - [K+]nar. = 3 mM, A5 - [K+]nar. = 5mM; B1 - [K+]nat. = 5mM, B2 - [K+]nat. = 9mM, B3 - [K+]nat. = 15 mM, B4 - [K+]nat. = 24 mM

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