Conductive and convective combustion modes of granular mixtures of Ti–C–NiCr

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Abstract

The combustion modes of powder and granular mixtures (100 – X)(Ti + C) + XNiCr (X = 0–30%) containing Ti powders of different dispersion with different amounts of impurity gases in them were investigated. The experimental setup provided filtration of impurity gases released during combustion in the cocurrent direction or through the side surface of the sample. The difference between the experimental burning velocities of powder mixtures with titanium of different fineness is explained using a convective-conductive combustion model. For granular mixtures based on Ti powder with a characteristic size of 120 μm, it was shown that combustion occurs in the conductive mode. Comparison of the combustion velocities of granular mixtures containing Ti powder with particles of a characteristic size of 60 μm in the absence and presence of gas filtration through the sample indicates the transition of combustion to the convective regime. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the transition from conductive to convective combustion are formulated, which makes it possible to determine the composition of the mixture whose combustion occurs in the boundary region. In mixtures based on Ti with a particle size of 60 μm, the conductive combustion regime is observed during the combustion of granules 0.6 mm in size and a mixture with X = 30% of granules 1.7 mm in size. For mixtures with X = 0–20% with granules 1.7 mm in size, burning in the convective regime, the interfacial heat transfer coefficients were evaluated using experimental data. Their values are more than an order of magnitude higher than the theoretical ones. The XPA results of the combustion products showed that in order to obtain synthesis products without side phases of intermetallic compounds, it is necessary to use finely dispersed titanium powder.

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B. S. Seplyarskii

Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: seplb1@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Chernogolovka

R. A. Kochetkov

Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: seplb1@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Chernogolovka

T. G. Lisina

Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: seplb1@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Chernogolovka

N. I. Abzalov

Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: seplb1@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Chernogolovka

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup: 1 – argon cylinder, 2 – argon flow sensors, 3 – gas pressure sensors, 4 – gas switch, 5 – tungsten spiral, 6 – charge, 7 – substrate, 8 – digital video camera, 9 – personal computer for recording data from sensors and video camera.

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3. Fig. 2. Distribution of particles of powders of initial metal components by size.

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4. Fig. 3. External appearance of titanium particles with d(Ti) = 60 µm (a) and d(Ti) = 120 µm (b).

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5. Fig. 4. Photographs of powder (a) and granulated charge with granules of size D = 0.6 mm (b) and D = 1.7 mm (c) in a quartz reactor and a cylinder (d) made of metal mesh with granulated charge.

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6. Fig. 5. Frames of combustion of a mixture with X = 20% at d(Ti) = 60 µm: a – powder mixture, b – granules with D = 0.6 mm, c – granules with D = 1.7 mm.

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7. Fig. 6. Combustion rates of the powder mixture (100 − X)(Ti + C) + XNiCr with titanium at d(Ti) = 60 (1) and 120 µm (2) with varying nichrome content X.

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8. Fig. 7. Dependences of the combustion rate of Ti + C mixtures with d(Ti) = 120 (a) and 60 μm (b) on the nichrome content X: 1 – powder mixture, 2 – granulated mixture with D = 0.6 mm, 3 – granulated mixture with D = 1.7 mm, 4 – combustion rate of the granule substance.

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9. Fig. 8. Scheme of combustion of granulated mixtures; a – conductive mode: 1 – burnt granules, 2 – combustion of granule in conductive mode, 3 – start of heating of next granule, 4 – initial granules, H – depth of conductive heating by the moment of ignition, Ucom – combustion rate of granule substance; b – convective mode: 1 – burnt granules, 5 – combustion of granule, 6 – start of combustion of next layer, 4 – initial granules, D – granule size, H0 – depth of convective heating of granule by the moment of ignition by gas flow Gg.

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10. Fig. 9. Dependences of combustion rates Uf (1) and Ugr (2) on the nichrome content X: D = 1.7 (a) and 0.6 mm (b).

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11. Fig. 10. X-ray diffraction data of combustion products: a – powder mixture Ti + C; b – powder mixture, X = 20%, d(Ti) = 60 μm; c – granulated mixture, X = 20%, d(Ti) = 60 μm; g – powder mixture, X = 20%, d(Ti) = 120 μm; d – granulated mixture, X = 20%, d(Ti) = 120 μm.

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