Copper ferrite nanoparticles: synthesis and study of their photocatalytic activity

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Abstract

Magnetic copper ferrite (II) nanoparticles are promising materials for biomedical, electronic and photocatalytic applications. In this work, homogeneous spherical CuFe₂O₄ nanoparticles with a size of 18.3 ± 0.4 nm and a band gap width of 2.37 eV were obtained by anion-exchange resin precipitation using AV-17-8 in OH form in the presence of dextran-40. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained material was studied on the example of photodegradation of a widely used anionic dye – indigo carmine in the presence of sacrificial reagents: sodium citrate, carbonate and hydrocarbonate, hydrogen peroxide. The effectiveness of the joint application of electron donors - sodium hydrocarbonate and citrate – in reducing the probability of recombination of photogenerated holes and electrons has been demonstrated. The kinetic parameters of the process were determined (pseudo-zero order, kapp. = 3.6 × 10–7 mol/(l × min), T1/2 = 75.8 ± 2.3 min) and its mechanism was elucidated. The intermediates of the photocatalytic oxidation of indigocarmine were determined by NMR.

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About the authors

A. Y. Pavlikov

Siberian Federal University; Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center (Federal Research Center), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: apavlikov98@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, 660041; Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036

S. V. Saikova

Siberian Federal University; Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center (Federal Research Center), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: apavlikov98@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, 660041; Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036

D. V. Karpov

Siberian Federal University; Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center (Federal Research Center), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: apavlikov98@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, 660041; Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036

T. Y. Ivanenko

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center (Federal Research Center), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: apavlikov98@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036

D. I. Nemkova

Siberian Federal University

Email: apavlikov98@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, 660041

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. TEM image (a), electron microdiffraction (b) and size distribution diagram (c) of CuFe₂O₄ nanoparticles.

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3. Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction pattern of CuFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, as well as the results of profile refinement using the Rietveld method (red line) and the difference curve (light gray line).

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4. Fig. 3. Optical absorption spectrum of CuFe₂O₄ nanoparticle hydrosol (a) and Tauc plots for determining the band gap width of direct (b) and indirect (c) transitions.

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5. Fig. 4. Optical absorption spectrum of indigo carmine (5.5 × 10⁻⁵ M).

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6. Fig. 5. Changes in the optical absorption spectra of indigo carmine in the dark phase for the following systems: a – indigo carmine + NaHCO₃ + CuFe₂O₄ (experiment 1); b – indigo carmine + Na₃Cit + CuFe₂O₄ (experiment 2); c – indigo carmine + CuFe₂O₄ (experiment 3); d – indigo carmine + NaHCO₃ + Na₃Cit + CuFe₂O₄ (experiment 4).

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7. Fig. 6. Changes in the optical absorption spectra during the photocatalytic reaction for the following systems: a – indigo carmine + NaHCO₃ + CuFe₂O₄ (experiment 1); b – indigo carmine + Na₃Cit + CuFe₂O₄ (experiment 2); c – indigo carmine + CuFe₂O₄  (experiment 3); d – indigo carmine + NaHCO₃ + CuFe₂O₄ + Na₃Cit (experiment 4).

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8. Fig. 7. Effect of catalyst mass on the degree of photocatalytic decomposition of indigo carmine (a). Change in indigo carmine concentration (b) depending on the used copper ferrite mass and process time.

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9. Fig. 8. X-ray diffraction pattern of the photocatalyst (CuFe₂O₄ nanoparticles) after the photocatalytic reaction, as well as the results of profile refinement using the Rietveld method (red line) and the difference curve (light gray line).

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10. Fig. 9. Changes in optical absorption spectra during the photocatalytic reaction for the following systems: a – IR + H₂O₂ + Na₃Cit + CuFe₂O₄, n(H₂O₂) = n(Na₃Cit) (experiment 5); b – IR + Na₂CO₃+ citrate + CuFe₂O₄ (experiment 6).

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11. Fig. 10. NMR spectra ¹H (a) and ¹³C (b) of indigo carmine before the photocatalytic reaction.

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12. Fig. 11. NMR spectra ¹H (a, b) and ¹³C (c) of indigo carmine after the photocatalytic reaction.

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