Mechanisms of Monoamine Oxidase Involvement in the Development of Hyperbaric Oxygen Seizures

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Abstract

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) breathing induces generalized tonic and clonic seizures through poorly understood mechanisms. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the mechanisms of involvement of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the development of hyperbaric oxygen convulsions. In rats placed in a pressure chamber under an oxygen pressure of 5 ATA, convulsive reactions were analyzed after the administration of pyrazidol, a MAO-A inhibitor, and pargyline, a MAO-B inhibitor. Studies have shown a decrease in the activity of MAO isoforms in HBO2 as well as a delay in the development of seizures in animals with inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B. The level of GABA in the brain decreased with HBO2, and inhibition of MAO-B with pargyline prevented the decrease in the inhibitory transmitter. The results indicate that MAO isoforms play an important role in regulating epileptogenesis in extreme hyperoxia. Hyperbaric oxygen, inhibiting the catalytic activity of MAO by transforming its molecular structure, leads to disruption of the regulation of the exchange of monoamine neurotransmitters and a decrease in the level of GABA in the brain, which together leads to an imbalance of excitation/inhibition processes in the central nervous system, which is the basis for the development of oxygen epilepsy.

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S. Yu. Zhilyaev

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: osa72@inbox.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

I. N. Basova

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: osa72@inbox.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

T. F. Platonova

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: osa72@inbox.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

O. S. Alekseeva

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: osa72@inbox.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

N. A. Gavrisheva

Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University

Email: osa72@inbox.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

I. T. Demchenko

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: osa72@inbox.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Latent period of stage 4 seizure development in rats during oxygen breathing at 5 ATA pressure after administration of MAO inhibitors: (a) - after administration of different doses of pyrazidol (mg/kg), * p < 0.05 vs. control (saline injection); (b) - during administration of pyrazidol (25 mg/kg), pargyline (25 mg/kg), propranolol (5 mg/kg). * p < 0.05 with respect to HBO2, # p < 0.05 with respect to pyrazidol and pargyline

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3. Fig. 2. Changes in MAO activity in rat brain structures after their exposure in hyperbaric oxygen at a pressure of 5 ATA with preliminary administration of different doses of pyrazidol. *p < 0.05 in relation to MAO activity during air breathing (dotted line)

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4. Fig. 3. Changes in blood flow in rat striatum during oxygen breathing at 5 ATA after administration of pargyline (25 mg/kg) and pyrazidol (25 mg/kg). *p < 0.05 in relation to the blood flow during air breathing (dotted line)

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5. Fig. 4. Effect of MAO-B inhibition with pargyline (25 mg/kg) on GABA content in rat striatum during hyperbaric oxygen breathing. *p < 0.05 in relation to GABA values during air breathing (dotted line)

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