Relationships Between Solar Activity Indices in Different Time Intervals

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The article presents the results of the analysis of long-term changes in the relationship between solar activity indices for 1953−2023. For this purpose, the annual moving averages of the F10, F30, MgII, Ri and T indices were used – the solar radio emission fluxes at wavelengths of 10.7 and 30 cm, the ratio of the central part to the flanks in the magnesium emission band of 276–284 nm, the international sunspot number and the ionospheric index, which is determined from ionospheric data as an analogue of the sunspot number. It has been found that the entire measurement period can be divided into the intervals 1953−1980, 1981−2012 and 2013−2023, in which the relationships between the solar activity indices differ distinctly. In the interval 1953−1980, these relationships are stable, i.e. there is practically no linear time trend in the dependence of one solar activity index on another. In the interval 2013−2023, such trends are usually significant. The boundaries of these intervals (1980 and 2013) approximately correspond to the maxima of the first and last solar cycles in the decreasing activity regime, when the large-scale solar magnetic field and the solar cycle height decrease over time. Therefore, the relationships between the solar activity indices, including the relationships between the ionospheric index and solar indices provide additional information on changes in the solar cycle regimes and can serve as one of the characteristics of changes in these regimes.

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Sobre autores

M. Deminov

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: deminov@izmiran.ru
Rússia, Troitsk

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2. Fig. 1. Changes with time in years of the Ri index (upper panel), ΔRi values (F10) and their linear trends (broken and straight lines, respectively) for the intervals 1953-1980, 1981-2012, 2013-2023 (middle panel) and the whole analysed measurement period 1953-2023 (lower panel). Dots are Ri values at the boundaries of these intervals.

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3. Fig. 2. Dependence of the Ri index on F10 and F30 for time intervals in the years 1953-1980 (thick lines), 1981-2012 (thin lines) and 2013-2023 (dashed lines).

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4. Fig. 3. Changes with time in years of ΔT (X) values and their linear trends (thin and thick lines) for the intervals 1953-1980, 1981-2012, 2013-2023, where X = F10, F30, Ri, or MgII.

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