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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cytokines and inflammation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cytokines and inflammation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитокины и воспаление</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1684-7849</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">701112</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CI701112</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">What is immunome?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Что такое иммуном?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-4762</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6602424818</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">В-6725-2019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8523-5018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Toptygina</surname><given-names>Anna P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топтыгина</surname><given-names>Анна Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), docent, Chief Research Associate, Head of Laboratory of Cytokines; Professor Chair of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель лаборатории цитокинов; профессор кафедры иммунологии биологического факультета</p></bio><email>toptyginaanna@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">G.N.Gabrichevsky Research  Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н.Габричевского» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБО УВПО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-16"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Toptygina A.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Топтыгина А.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Toptygina A.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Топтыгина А.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-02-06"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cijournal.ru/1684-7849/article/view/701112">https://cijournal.ru/1684-7849/article/view/701112</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Development of immunology in the 20th and first quarter of the 21st centuries led to understanding that immunity is not only involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases, but also in the homeostasis and repair of organs and tissues. It mediates healthy interactions with food and environmental antigens, pregnancy, and interactions with microbiota. Recognition of the immune system's role as an integrating system within the body led to the coining of the term "immunome," which, by analogy with the genome, proteome, metabolome, and so on, was initially defined as the totality of rearranged antibody genes and T- and B-cell antigen receptors (TCR and BCR). It is believed that the volume of information encoded in the antibody genes, TCR, and BCR, is several orders of magnitude greater than the size of human genome. This is due to the specific V-(D-)J rearrangements of these receptors, the involvement of both chains in the formation of the antigen-recognizing V domains, and the presence of hypersomatic mutations during antibody maturation. A dedicated application for adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing, or AIRR-seq, has been created to collect and analyze this information. Knowledge of the TCR and BCR repertoire can be used to develop modern vaccines against particularly dangerous pathogens, as well as to rapidly develop vaccines in the event of emergence of a completely new pathogen, and to create personalized vaccines for the elderly and special patient groups. Expanded definition of the immunome includes not only immunocompetent cells, their receptors, and the various molecules they synthesize, but also any "non-immune" cells and molecules involved in orchestrating immune responses and the microenvironment, in which immune responses occur. This understanding of the immunome is important for deciphering the immunopathogenesis of diseases, identifying biomarkers for various pathologies to stratify patients, and personalizing therapy. The incredible complexity of the immunome and its internal connections requires the use of the most advanced approaches in mathematical modeling, bioinformatics, other computational tools, and the increasingly powerful artificial intelligence.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Развитие иммунологии в ХХ и первой четверти XXI века привело к пониманию, что иммунитет не только вовлечен в патогенез различных заболеваний, но и в гомеостаз и репарацию органов и тканей. Он опосредует комфортные отношения с антигенами пищи и окружающей среды, вынашивание плода и сожительство с микробиотой. Осознание роли иммунной системы как интегрирующей системы организма привело к появлению термина иммуном, который первоначально, по аналогии с геномом, протеомом, метаболомом и т.д. определяли как совокупность перестроенных генов антител, Т- и В-клеточных антигенных рецепторов (TCR и BCR). Полагают, что объем информации, закодированный в генах антител, TCR и BCR, на несколько порядков превышает размер генома человека. Это связано с особенностями V-(D-)J-перестроек этих рецепторов, участии 2 цепей в формировании антиген-распознающей части V-доменов и с наличием гиперсоматических мутаций при созревании антител. Для сбора и анализа информации создано специальное приложение для секвенирования репертуара адаптивных иммунных рецепторов или AIRR-seq. Знание о репертуаре TCR и BCR может быть использовано как для разработок современных вакцин против особо опасных патогенов, так и для быстрой разработки вакцины в случае появления совершенно нового патогена, для создания персонифицированных вакцин для пожилых людей и особых групп пациентов. Примером успешного использования исследований иммунома в узком смысле слова является разработка отечественного препарата для лечения болезни Бехтерева. В результате серьезного прогресса в области иммунологии и биотехнологии в понятие иммуном стали вкладывать более расширенный смысл. Расширенное определение иммунома включает не только иммунокомпетентные клетки, их рецепторы и различные молекулы ими синтезируемые, но также любые «неиммунные» клетки и молекулы, участвующие в регуляции иммунных ответов и микроокружение, среду, в которой происходят иммунные ответы. Такое понимание иммунома важно для расшифровки иммунопатогенеза заболеваний, поиска биомаркеров при различных патологиях для стратификации пациентов и персонифицированного подбора терапии. Невероятная сложность иммунома и его внутренних связей требует применения самых передовых подходов математического моделирования, биоинформатики, других вычислительных инструментов и набирающего силу искусственного интеллекта.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Immunome</kwd><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>T-cell receptor</kwd><kwd>B-cell receptor</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd><kwd>new generation vaccines</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Иммуном</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>Т-клеточный рецептор</kwd><kwd>В-клеточный рецептор</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>вакцины нового поколения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Abecasis GR, Auton A, Brooks LD, et al. An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes. 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