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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cytokines and inflammation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cytokines and inflammation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитокины и воспаление</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1684-7849</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698077</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CI698077</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">KEUWQR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Development and <italic>in vitro</italic> biological activity assessment of IgA1 and IgG1 isotypes of the universal anti-influenza A antibody FM08</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Разработка и исследование биологической активности <italic>in vitro</italic> IgA1- и IgG1-изотипов универсального антитела FM08 против вируса гриппа А</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6769-7044</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3812-8607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Falaleeva</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фалалеева</surname><given-names>Дарья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>f.daria@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9519-5316</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2111-8493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Monakhova</surname><given-names>Varvara S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Монахова</surname><given-names>Варвара Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>varvara.bio@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8196-3156</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2986-9850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотникова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>biomalinka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3081-0463</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1299-6388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleinik</surname><given-names>Veronika A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олейник</surname><given-names>Вероника Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>working.lyutik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-398X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1012-8043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanovskaya-Romanko</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романовская-Романько</surname><given-names>Екатерина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>romromka@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0289-6560</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2632-6195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klotchenko</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клотченко</surname><given-names>Сергей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>fosfatik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>173</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-07"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-23"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Falaleeva D.A., Monakhova V.S., Plotnikova M.A., Oleinik V.A., Romanovskaya-Romanko E.A., Klotchenko S.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Фалалеева Д.А., Монахова В.С., Плотникова М.А., Олейник В.А., Романовская-Романько Е.А., Клотченко С.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Falaleeva D.A., Monakhova V.S., Plotnikova M.A., Oleinik V.A., Romanovskaya-Romanko E.A., Klotchenko S.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фалалеева Д.А., Монахова В.С., Плотникова М.А., Олейник В.А., Романовская-Романько Е.А., Клотченко С.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-03-24"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cijournal.ru/1684-7849/article/view/698077">https://cijournal.ru/1684-7849/article/view/698077</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>The World Health Organization estimates that seasonal influenza causes 3 to 5 million severe cases requiring hospitalization each year, resulting in 290,000 to 650,000 deaths. Recombinant antibodies represent one of the most advanced and promising treatment options for the effective management of influenza.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>This study aimed to evaluate characteristics, specificity, and virus-neutralizing activity of the IgA1 and IgG1 isotypes of the recombinant FM08 antibody, which targets the influenza hemagglutinin stem domain.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>Expression plasmids were obtained using molecular genetic techniques. The transient expression technique was used to accumulate experimental samples of the IgA1 and IgG1 isotypes of the FM08 antibody in a serum-free HEK293 cell culture. The biological activities were compared using electrophoretic separation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and microneutralization reaction. The study also used influenza A strains, including the H1N1pdm, H2N2, H3N2, and H5N1 subtypes, as well as influenza B strains from both genetic lines.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The resulting genetic constructs accumulate recombinant FM08 antibodies of the IgA1 and IgG1 isotypes in eukaryotic cell cultures. The binding patterns of two FM08 antibody isotypes were virtually identical. Starting at a concentration of 16 ng/μL, both isotypes interacted with strains from both influenza A virus phylogenetic groups, except for the 1934 H1N1 strain. The IgA1 and IgG1 FM08 isotypes neutralized the influenza A/California/07/2009 (H1N1pdm09) virus with IC<sub>50</sub> of 1–4 μg/mL and the influenza A/Cambodia/E0826360/2020 (H3N2) virus with IC<sub>50</sub> of 20 μg/mL.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:<italic> </italic></bold><italic>In vitro</italic> studies of the biological activity of the experimental FM08 antibody samples of the IgA1 and IgG1 isotypes revealed their high potential as antiviral agents.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, сезонный грипп ежегодно приводит к 3–5 млн случаев тяжёлой формы заболевания, требующего госпитализации. При этом количество летальных исходов оценивается в 290–650 тыс. Рекомбинантные антитела являются одним из наиболее перспективных средств для лечения гриппа.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования. </bold>Оценить свойства, специфичность и вируснейтрализующую активность рекомбинантного антитела FM08, направленного против стволового домена гемагглютинина вируса гриппа А, в формате IgA1 и IgG1.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Молекулярно-генетическими методами получены<bold> </bold>экспрессионные плазмиды. В режиме транзиентной экспрессии в культуре клеток HEK293 в бессывороточной среде накоплены экспериментальные образцы рекомбинантных антител FM08 IgA1- и IgG1-изотипов. Для сравнительной оценки биологической активности применяли иммуноферментный анализ и реакцию микронейтрализации. В работе были использованы штаммы вируса гриппа А подтипов H1N1pdm, H2N2, H3N2, H5N1 и штаммы вируса гриппа B (обеих филогенетических линий).</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Показано, что полученные генетические конструкции позволяют накапливать рекомбинантные антитела FM08 IgA1- и IgG1-изотипов в эукариотических культурах клеток. Оба изотипа рекомбинантного антитела FM08 имели практически идентичный паттерн связывания и, начиная с концентрации 16 нг/мкл, взаимодействовали со штаммами обеих генетических групп вируса гриппа A, за исключением штамма H1N1 1934 года. Рекомбинантные антитела FM08 как IgA1-, так и IgG1-изотипов нейтрализовали вирус гриппа A/California/07/2009 (H1N1pdm09) при значениях IC<sub>50</sub> 1–4 мкг/мл и вирус гриппа A/Cambodia/e0826360/2020 (H3N2) при значении IC<sub>50</sub> 20 мкг/мл.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Исследование <italic>in vitro </italic>биологической активности выявило высокий противовирусный потенциал полученных экспериментальных образцов рекомбинантных антител FM08 IgA1- и IgG1-изотипа .</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibodies, recombinant</kwd><kwd>antibodies, broadly neutralizing</kwd><kwd>immunoglobulin G</kwd><kwd>immunoglobulin A</kwd><kwd>influenza virus</kwd><kwd>antiviral agents</kwd><kwd>immunization, passive</kwd><kwd>virus neutralization</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рекомбинантные антитела</kwd><kwd>антитела широкого спектра действия</kwd><kwd>иммуноглобулины класса G</kwd><kwd>иммуноглобулины класса A</kwd><kwd>вирус гриппа</kwd><kwd>противовирусные препараты</kwd><kwd>пассивная иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>вируснейтрализующая активность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>124021200034-5</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work is part of the State Assignment of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (R&amp;D Registration No. 124021200034-5 in the Unified State Information System for Accounting of Research, Development, and Technological Work (EGISU NIOKTR)).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (регистрационный номер НИОКТР в ЕГИСУ НИОКТР 124021200034-5).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Krammer F, Smith GJD, Fouchier RAM, et al. 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