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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cytokines and inflammation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cytokines and inflammation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитокины и воспаление</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1684-7849</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">697082</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CI697082</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LBFCUY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Protective role of mushroom β-D-glucans in the development of psychoemotional complications in patients with moderate COVID-19: a randomized clinical study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Протективная роль грибных β-D-глюканов в развитии психоэмоциональных осложнений у больных среднетяжёлой формой СOVID-19: рандомизированное клиническое исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9941-7006</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4369-2985</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezrukova</surname><given-names>Evgenia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безрукова</surname><given-names>Евгения Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>ban_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7150-2620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konusova</surname><given-names>Valentina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конусова</surname><given-names>Валентина Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>val-g-kon@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-6974</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3756-7955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobeychikov</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробейчиков</surname><given-names>Евгений Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, senior researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>evorobeychikov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9427-4032</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2769-1593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyushkina</surname><given-names>Valentina K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюшкина</surname><given-names>Валентина Кузьминична</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>V.Artyushkina@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4482-6157</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5140-4055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyushkin</surname><given-names>Sergei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюшкин</surname><given-names>Сергей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>sergei.artyushkin@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0822-3789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaksun</surname><given-names>Vasillisa S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яксун</surname><given-names>Василиса Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yaksunvs@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Polypharm</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Полифарм</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>184</fpage><lpage>196</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-27"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Bezrukova E.V., Konusova V.G., Vorobeychikov E.V., Artyushkina V.K., Artyushkin S.A., Yaksun V.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Безрукова Е.В., Конусова В.Г., Воробейчиков Е.В., Артюшкина В.К., Артюшкин С.А., Яксун В.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bezrukova E.V., Konusova V.G., Vorobeychikov E.V., Artyushkina V.K., Artyushkin S.A., Yaksun V.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Безрукова Е.В., Конусова В.Г., Воробейчиков Е.В., Артюшкина В.К., Артюшкин С.А., Яксун В.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-03-24"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cijournal.ru/1684-7849/article/view/697082">https://cijournal.ru/1684-7849/article/view/697082</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>It has been shown that the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), in addition to pulmonary involvement, is frequently accompanied by psychoneurological symptoms. However, rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19, as well as after other viral infections, remains a substantial challenge in clinical practice.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To analyze the effects of mushroom β-glucans on the mental and physical status of patients with moderate COVID-19 during the acute phase and early post-COVID period.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>The study included 60 patients (22 men and 38 women aged 26–74 years) with COVID-19 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and chest computed tomography. Patients were randomized into two groups of 30 individuals each. The control group received standard treatment according to national clinical guidelines (version 11, May 7, 2021) in combination with placebo. In the intervention group, standard therapy was supplemented with mushroom β-glucans (dietary supplement Glucaferon®). The patients’ psychoemotional and physical status was assessed using validated questionnaires: anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), general health status and working capacity (EQ-VAS), and fatigue (VAFS) during 10 days of hospitalization and for 28 days after discharge.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>During the first days of hospitalization, symptoms of depression and anxiety predominated over fatigue severity. After discharge, patients reported a gradual increase in fatigue, whereas anxiety and depressive symptoms demonstrated an opposite trend. Comparative analysis showed that patients receiving Glucaferon® experienced faster recovery of psychoemotional status compared with the placebo group. Daily administration of the supplement was associated with an approximately 1.5-fold reduction in fatigue severity by the end of the follow-up period.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>Mushroom β-glucans may be considered a promising class of agents potentially capable of reducing chronic neuroinflammation and psychoneurological complications associated with COVID-19, as well as preventing neurodegenerative processes. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Показано, что новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19), помимо поражения лёгких, часто сопровождается психоневрологическими симптомами. Однако реабилитация пациентов не только после перенесённого COVID-19, но и после других вирусных инфекций до настоящего времени остаётся серьёзной проблемой практической медицины.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold>. Проанализировать влияние грибных β-глюканов на психический и физический статус пациентов со среднетяжёлой формой COVID-19 в острый и ранний постковидный период.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>. В исследование включены 60 человек (22 мужчины и 38 женщин в возрасте от 26 до 74 лет) с COVID-19, подтверждённым с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции и компьютерной томографии лёгких. Пациенты рандомизированы на две группы по 30 человек. Контрольная группа получала стандартное лечение согласно методическим рекомендациям (версия 11 от 07.05.2021) в сочетании с плацебо; в испытуемой группе стандартное лечение дополняли грибными β-глюканами (биологически активная добавка Глюкаферон®). Мониторинг психоэмоционального и физического состояния больных проводили с помощью валидированных опросников: тревожности (GAD-7), депрессии (PHQ-9), общего состояния здоровья и работоспособности (EQ-VAS), утомляемости (VAFS) — в течение 10 дней госпитализации и в течение 28 дней после выписки.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В первые дни госпитализации у пациентов преобладали симптомы депрессии и тревожности по сравнению с выраженностью утомляемости. После выписки из стационара больные отмечали постепенное усиление усталости, при этом динамика тревожно-депрессивных симптомов имела обратную направленность. Сравнительный анализ показал, что у лиц, получавших Глюкаферон®, восстановление психоэмоционального состояния происходило быстрее, чем в группе плацебо. Ежедневный приём препарата способствовал снижению выраженности утомляемости к концу периода наблюдения приблизительно в 1,5 раза.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Грибные β-глюканы могут рассматриваться как перспективный класс средств, потенциально способных снижать выраженность хронического нейровоспаления и психоневрологических осложнений, ассоциированных с СOVID-19, а также предупреждать развитие нейродегенерации. Однако для подтверждения полученных результатов требуются дальнейшие исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>β-glucans</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>короновирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>β-глюканы</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>тревожность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Полифарм»</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Polypharm</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ЗАО «ФармФирма “Сотекс”</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">PharmFirma Sotex</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>21092021</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study used Glucaferon® and placebo provided by Polypharm (St. Petersburg, Russia), and was funded under Agreement No. 21092021 (September 21, 2021), with PharmFirma Sotex (Moscow, Russia).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено с использованием препарата Глюкаферон® и плацебо, предоставленных компанией ООО «Полифарм» (Санкт-Петербург, Россия), а также денежных средств по договору № 21092021 от 21.09.2021 с ЗАО «ФармФирма “Сотекс”» (Москва, Россия).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Petrova NN, Kudryashov AV, Matvievskaya OV, et al. 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