Cytokines and inflammationCytokines and inflammationЦитокины и воспаление1684-7849Eco-Vector69320510.17816/CI693205XIHNMNReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleT-regulatory cells as a target for nanoparticles in modern biomedicineТ-регуляторные клетки как мишень для наночастиц в современной биомедицинеhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-14873579-1451ZamorinaSvetlana A.ЗаморинаСветлана Анатольевна
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

д-р биол. наук, Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук

zamorina.sa@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-3879-1879DevyatovaKseniya O.ДевятоваКсения Олеговна
Russian Federation
xdevyatova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0436-08901225-0890UsaninaDarya I.УсанинаДарья Игоревна
Russian Federation

Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук

usanina_d@mail.ruPerm State National Research UniversityПермский государственный национальный исследовательский университетPerm Federal Research Center Ural Branch Russian Academy SciencesПермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук171120250112202522250601510202509112025Copyright ©; 2025, Zamorina S.A., Devyatova K.O., Usanina D.I.Copyright ©; 2025, Заморина С.А., Девятова К.О., Усанина Д.И.2025Zamorina S.A., Devyatova K.O., Usanina D.I.Заморина С.А., Девятова К.О., Усанина Д.И.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/https://cijournal.ru/1684-7849/article/view/693205

Many recent studies have focused on regulatory T cells (Tregs). These cells are crucial to maintain immune tolerance and regulate the immune response to autoantigens, allergens, pathogens, and tumors. Manipulating Treg activity and differentiation is considered a potential approach for treating immune-mediated diseases. There are currently two main strategies: inducing or suppressing the activity of these cells. Several studies have demonstrated that eliminating or suppressing Tregs from the tumor microenvironment improves the prognosis of patients with cancer.

Nanotechnologies opens up new possibilities for manipulating Tregs using different types of nanoparticles, including inorganic, organic, and hybrid ones. Through antibodies, RNA, peptides, and toxins conjugated to them, it is possible to create nanoparticles that selectively affect Tregs. However, clinical application of these nanoparticles is limited by several factors, such as poorly understood long-term toxicity, stability, and in vivo biocompatibility. Once these limitations are overcome, nanoparticles will undoubtedly lead to new approaches for treating immune-mediated diseases by manipulating Treg activity.

This review analyzes the potential for direct interaction between Tregs and various types of nanoparticles. Publications from 2009 to 2025 were searched in the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords Treg, nanoparticles, and in vitro.

В последние годы активно изучаются регуляторные Т-клетки (Treg), играющие ключевую роль в поддержании иммунной толерантности и контроле иммунного ответа против собственных антигенов, аллергенов, патогенов и опухолей. Манипулирование активностью и дифференцировкой Treg рассматривается как потенциальный подход к лечению иммуноопосредованных заболеваний. В настоящее время используются две основные стратегии — индукция или подавление активности этих клеток. Удаление или супрессия Treg из опухолевого микроокружения, как показано в ряде исследований, улучшает прогноз у онкологических пациентов.

Нанотехнологии открывают новые возможности для манипулирования Treg с помощью наночастиц разной природы — неорганических, органических и гибридных. Возможно создание наночастиц, избирательно воздействующих на Treg посредством конъюгированных с ними антител, РНК, пептидов и токсинов. Однако клиническое применение таких наночастиц пока ограничено рядом факторов, среди которых — недостаточно изученная долгосрочная токсичность, стабильность и биосовместимость in vivo. После преодоления этих ограничений наночастицы, безусловно, откроют новые терапевтические подходы к лечению иммуноопосредованных заболеваний через манипулирование активностью Treg.

В данном обзоре проанализированы варианты прямого взаимодействия Treg с наночастицами различной природы. Поиск публикаций проводили в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar по ключевым словам «Treg», «nanoparticles», «in vitro» за 2009–2025 гг.

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