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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cytokines and inflammation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cytokines and inflammation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитокины и воспаление</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1684-7849</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">688093</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CI688093</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UODHBW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immune dysregulation in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comparative study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дисрегуляция иммунной системы у больных ишемической болезнью сердца на фоне сахарного диабета 2-го типа: сравнительное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9063-8345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomenko</surname><given-names>Grigory G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоменко</surname><given-names>Григорий Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Fom.g.g@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9641-0159</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1231-5948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fisenko</surname><given-names>Vasily G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фисенко</surname><given-names>Василий Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fisenko.vg@dvfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pacific State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Far-Eastern Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Дальневосточный федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>117</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-22"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-02"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Fomenko G.G., Fisenko V.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Фоменко Г.Г., Фисенко В.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fomenko G.G., Fisenko V.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фоменко Г.Г., Фисенко В.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-12-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cijournal.ru/1684-7849/article/view/688093">https://cijournal.ru/1684-7849/article/view/688093</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Immune dysregulation associated with cardiovascular diseases have common immunopathogenetic mechanisms and a single system of progression. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for developing more accurate prediction and diagnosis methods and the effective combination therapies for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To refine the relationship between the innate immune and hemostasis disorders in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>The comparative study included 113 patients with a verified CHD and/or T2DM. Group 1 included patients with CHD and T2DM (39 [34.5%] individuals aged 48–74 years, including 13 [33.3%] females and 26 [66.7%] males). Group 2 included patients with CHD without T2DM (74 [65.5%] individuals aged 48–74 years, including 7 [9.5%] females and 67 [90.5%] males). For the study, we obtained the history and clinical data, performed a biochemical blood parameter assay, and determined the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, IL-10, glucose, and C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet count, and calcium levels.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>In patients with CHD and T2DM, there is a negligible direct correlation between glucose levels and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 with no connection with IL-18 levels. In the non- T2DM group, no correlations were found between glucose and interleukins. In addition, in patients with DM, a moderate correlation was observed between IL-6 and C-reactive protein, indicating a pronounced immune imbalance and activation of proinflammatory mechanisms. A moderate correlation was also found between IL-10, calcium, and platelet count.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The findings confirm that chronic inflammation contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases in this category of patients and emphasize the need for a personalized approach to their management. The study highlights the importance of further development of effective prevention and treatment methods based on immunological markers and the blood coagulation system status.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Дисбаланс иммунной регуляции, связанный с кардиоваскулярными заболеваниями, объединяет механизмы иммунопатогенеза в единую систему прогрессирования. Понимание этих механизмов критически важно для разработки более точных методов прогнозирования, диагностики и создания эффективных комбинированных терапевтических стратегий лечения и профилактики кардиоваскулярных заболеваний.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования. </bold>Уточнить и детализировать взаимосвязь нарушений в системе врождённого иммунитета и гемостаза у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) и сахарным диабетом (СД) 2-го типа.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>В сравнительное исследование включены 113 пациентов с верифицированным диагнозом ИБС и/или СД 2-го типа. В 1-ю группу вошли больные с ИБС и СД 2-го типа — 39 (34,5%) человек в возрасте 48–74 лет, среди них 13 (33,3%) женщин и 26 (66,7%) мужчин. Вторая группа включала пациентов с ИБС без СД 2-го типа — 74 (65,5%) человека в возрасте 48–74 лет, из них 7 (9,5%) женщин и 67 (90,5%) мужчин. Собраны анамнез и клинические данные, проведено биохимическое исследование крови, а также определены уровни IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, IL-10, глюкозы и С-реактивного белка (СРБ), количество тромбоцитов и концентрация кальция.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Установлено, что у пациентов с ИБС и СД 2-го типа наблюдается ничтожная прямая корреляция между уровнем глюкозы и провоспалительными цитокинами IL-1β и IL-6, тогда как связь с IL-18 отсутствует. В группе без СД 2-го типа корреляционных связей между глюкозой и интерлейкинами не выявлено. Кроме того, у пациентов с СД 2-го типа отмечена умеренная связь между IL-6 и С-реактивным белком, что свидетельствует о выраженном иммунном дисбалансе и активации провоспалительных механизмов. Также выявлена умеренная корреляция между уровнем IL-10, кальция и тромбоцитами.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Полученные данные подтверждают роль хронического воспаления в патогенезе сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у данной категории пациентов и акцентируют необходимость индивидуализированного подхода к их лечению. Исследование подчёркивает важность дальнейшей работы в направлении разработки эффективных стратегий профилактики и терапии, основанных на иммунологических маркёрах с учётом состояния системы свёртывания крови.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coronary heart disease</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>innate immunity</kwd><kwd>hemostasis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2-го типа</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>врождённый иммунитет</kwd><kwd>гемостаз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Barbarash OL, Karpov YuA, Panov AV, et al. 2024 clinical practice guidelines for stable coronary artery disease. 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