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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cytokines and inflammation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cytokines and inflammation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитокины и воспаление</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1684-7849</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">637071</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CI637071</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QGJZQR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Changes in Cytokine Profile in Patients with Different Phenotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изменения в цитокиновом профиле у пациентов с хроническими риносинуситами различных фенотипов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3992-9207</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2198-0265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>ovsmirnova71@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4474-1893</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8600-0003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyakov</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синяков</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>sinyakov.alekzandr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сибирский федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-04-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>162</fpage><lpage>168</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-16"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-16"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Smirnova O.V., Sinyakov A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Смирнова О.В., Синяков А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnova O.V., Sinyakov A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнова О.В., Синяков А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-06-14"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cijournal.ru/1684-7849/article/view/637071">https://cijournal.ru/1684-7849/article/view/637071</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> In Russia, approximately 1,500,000 individuals are affected by <italic>chronic rhinosinusitis</italic>, whereas in the United States, the number reaches 30–35 million people, or 4.9 per 10,000 population. Despite numerous studies investigating the role of chronic inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa, as well as allergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis, the significance of various cytokines in disease development has not been fully established.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To investigate cytokine regulation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis depending on disease phenotype.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> A total of 61 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were enrolled. The control group included 30 practically healthy blood donors. Cytokine levels were measured in serum using enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using <italic>Statistica 10 software</italic>.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>Analysis of selected cytokines in patients with different phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis revealed diverse changes in the cytokine profile.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>Patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis exhibited a Th1-type immune response; those with chronic hyperplastic rhinosinusitis, a Th1/Th17-type response; those with chronic allergic rhinosinusitis, a Th2-type response; and those with chronic infectious rhinosinusitis, a Th17-type response.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> В России хроническими риносинуситами страдают примерно 1 млн 500 тыс. человек, а в США этот показатель достигает 30–35 млн человек или 4,9 на 10 тыс. населения. Несмотря на многочисленные исследования, посвящённые роли хронического воспалительного процесса в слизистой оболочке полости носа и околоносовых пазух, а также аллергических механизмов в патогенезе хронических риносинуситов, значение различных цитокинов в их патогенезе окончательно не определено.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Исследование цитокиновой регуляции у пациентов с хроническими риносинуситами в зависимости от фенотипа заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Всего отобран 61 пациент с хроническими риносинуситами. Контрольную группу составили 30 практически здоровых доноров крови. Уровни цитокинов определяли в сыворотке крови методом иммуноферментного анализа. Статистический анализ проведён с использованием пакета Statistica 10.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> При изучении некоторых цитокинов у пациентов с хроническими риносинуситами различных фенотипов выявлены разнонаправленные изменения в цитокиновом профиле.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> У пациентов с хроническим полипозным риносинуситом обнаружен иммунный ответ по типу Th1, при хроническом гиперпластическом риносинусите — по типу Th1/Th17, при хроническом аллергическом риносинусите — по типу Th2 и при хроническом инфекционном риносинусите — по типу Th17.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic rhinosinusitis</kwd><kwd>chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes</kwd><kwd>cytokine regulation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический риносинусит</kwd><kwd>фенотипы хронического риносинусита</kwd><kwd>цитокиновая регуляция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Piskunov GZ, Moiseeva YuP. 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