Immune dysregulation in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comparative study

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Immune dysregulation associated with cardiovascular diseases have common immunopathogenetic mechanisms and a single system of progression. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for developing more accurate prediction and diagnosis methods and the effective combination therapies for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

AIM: To refine the relationship between the innate immune and hemostasis disorders in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODS: The comparative study included 113 patients with a verified CHD and/or T2DM. Group 1 included patients with CHD and T2DM (39 [34.5%] individuals aged 48–74 years, including 13 [33.3%] females and 26 [66.7%] males). Group 2 included patients with CHD without T2DM (74 [65.5%] individuals aged 48–74 years, including 7 [9.5%] females and 67 [90.5%] males). For the study, we obtained the history and clinical data, performed a biochemical blood parameter assay, and determined the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, IL-10, glucose, and C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet count, and calcium levels.

RESULTS: In patients with CHD and T2DM, there is a negligible direct correlation between glucose levels and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 with no connection with IL-18 levels. In the non- T2DM group, no correlations were found between glucose and interleukins. In addition, in patients with DM, a moderate correlation was observed between IL-6 and C-reactive protein, indicating a pronounced immune imbalance and activation of proinflammatory mechanisms. A moderate correlation was also found between IL-10, calcium, and platelet count.

CONCLUSION: The findings confirm that chronic inflammation contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases in this category of patients and emphasize the need for a personalized approach to their management. The study highlights the importance of further development of effective prevention and treatment methods based on immunological markers and the blood coagulation system status.

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About the authors

Grigory G. Fomenko

Pacific State Medical University; Far-Eastern Federal University

Author for correspondence.
Email: Fom.g.g@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-9063-8345
Russian Federation, Vladivostok; Vladivostok

Vasily G. Fisenko

Pacific State Medical University; Far-Eastern Federal University

Email: fisenko.vg@dvfu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9641-0159
SPIN-code: 1231-5948
Russian Federation, Vladivostok; Vladivostok

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