Comparison between different techniques for obtaining anisotropic Nd–Fe–B hard magnetic powders by the HDDR process

Мұқаба

Дәйексөз келтіру

Толық мәтін

Ашық рұқсат Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат берілді
Рұқсат жабық Тек жазылушылар үшін

Аннотация

The method for obtaining anisotropic hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B powders by the process Hydrogenation–Disproportionation–Desorption–Recombination (HDDR process) Nd–Fe–B type alloy with high content of Nd has been considered in this study. Two different types of HDDR (dynamic and solid) process have been studied. The dependence of magnetic hysteresis properties on hydrogen pressure and its pumping rate at the disproportionation stage is shown. It is found that a solid HDDR makes it possible to obtain powders with higher coercivity and the hysteresis loop rectangularity than a dynamic HDDR.

Негізгі сөздер

Толық мәтін

Рұқсат жабық

Авторлар туралы

I. Ivanov

The Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University; Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: ilya.ivanov@urfu.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg, 620000; Ekaterinburg, 620108

A. Golubiatnikova

The Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University

Email: ilya.ivanov@urfu.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg, 620000

N. Selezneva

The Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University

Email: ilya.ivanov@urfu.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg, 620000

A. Protasov

Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ilya.ivanov@urfu.ru
Ресей, Ekaterinburg, 620108

A. Volegov

The Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University

Email: ilya.ivanov@urfu.ru
Ekaterinburg, 620000

Әдебиет тізімі

  1. Takeshita T., Nakayama R. Magnetic properties and microstructures of the NdFeB magnet powder produced by hydrogen treatment // Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Ra-re-Earth Magnets and Their Applications. 1989. P. 551.
  2. Poenaru I., Patroi E.A., Patroi D., Iorga A., & Manta E. HDDR as advanced processing method and recycling technology to address the rare-earth resource criticality in high performance Nd2Fe14B magnets production // J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2023. 170777.
  3. Habibzadeh A., Kucuker M.A., Gökelma M. Review on the Parameters of Recycling NdFeB Magnets via a Hydrogenation Process // ACS omega. 2023. 8(20). P. 17431–17445.
  4. Lixandru A., Poenaru I., Güth K., Gauß R., Gutfleisch O. A systematic study of HDDR processing conditions for the recycling of end-of-life Nd-Fe-B magnets // J. Alloys Compounds. 2017. 724. P. 51–61.
  5. Sepehri-Amin H., Dirba I., Tang X., Ohkubo T., Schrefl T., Gutfleisch O., Hono K. Development of high coercivity anisotropic Nd-Fe-B/Fe nanocomposite powder using hydrogenation disproportionation desorption recombination process // Acta Mater. 2019. V. 175. P. 276–285.
  6. Maltseva V.E., Andreev S.V., Neznakhin D.S., Urzhumtsev A.N., Selezneva N.V., Volegov A.S. The magnetic properties of a NdFeB permanent magnets prepared by selective laser sintering // Phys. Met. Metal. 2022. V. 123(8). P. 740–745.
  7. Sugimoto S., Book D. HDDR Process for the Production of High Performance Rare-Earth Magnets // Handbook of Advanced Magn. Mater. 2006. V. 1. P. 977–1007.
  8. Sugimoto S., Gutfleisch O., Harris I.R. Resistivity measurements on hydrogenation disproportionation desorption recombination phenomena in Nd-Fe-B alloys with Co, Ga and Zr additions // J. Аlloys Сompounds. 1997. V. 260. № 1–2. P. 284–291.
  9. Gutfleisch O., Harris I.R. Fundamental and practical aspects of the hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption and recombination process // J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 29. V. 9. 1996. P. 2255.
  10. Gutfleisch O., Khlopkov K., Teresiak A., Muller K.H., Drazic G., Mishima C., Honkura Y. Memory of texture during HDDR processing of NdFeB // IEEE Тrans. Magn. 2003. V. 39(5). P. 2926–2931.
  11. Gutfleisch O., Matzinger M., Fidler J., Harris I.R. Characterisation of solid-HDDR processed Nd16Fe76B8 alloys by means of electron microscopy // J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1995. V. 147(3). P. 320–330.
  12. Sepehri-Amin H., Ohkubo T., Hono K., Güth K., Gutfleisch O. Mechanism of the texture development in hydrogen-disproportionation–desorption-recombination (HDDR) processed Nd–Fe–B powders // Acta Mater. 2015. V. 85. P. 42–52.
  13. Güth K., Woodcock T.G., Schultz L., Gutfleisch O. Comparison of local and global texture in HDDR processed Nd–Fe–B magnets // Acta Mater. 2011. V. 59(5). P. 2029–2034.
  14. Ragg O.M., Keegan G., Nagel H., Harris I.R. The HD and HDDR processes in the production of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets // Intern. J. Hydrogen Energy. 1997. V. 22(2–3). P. 333–342.
  15. Gutfleisch O., Martinez N., Verdier M., Harris I.R. Phase transformations during the disproportionation stage in the solid HDDR process in a Nd16Fe76B8 alloy // J. Alloys Сompounds. 1994. V. 215(1–2). P. 227–233.
  16. Cha H.R., Yu J.H., Baek Y.K., Kwon H.W., Kim Y.D., Lee J.G. The influence of dehydrogenation speed on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by HDDR process // J. Magn. 2014. V. 19(1). P. 49–54.
  17. Mishima С., Hamada N., Mitarai H., and Honkura Y. Magnetic properties of NdFeB anisotropic magnet powder producedfme by the d-HDDR method / In Proc. 16th Int. Workshop RE Magnets and their Applications. 2000. P. 873.
  18. Vasilenko D.Y., Shitov A.V., Popov A.G., Gaviko V.S., Bratushev D.Y., Podkorytov K.I., Golovnya O.A. Magnetic hysteresis properties and microstructure of high-coercivity (Nd, Dy)–Fe–B magnets with Dy less than 10 wt% and low oxygen // Phys. Met. Metal. 2022. V. 123(2). P. 145–154.
  19. Sheridan R.S., Williams A.J., Harris I.R., Walton A. Improved HDDR processing route for production of anisotropic powder from sintered NdFeB type magnets // J. Magn. Magn. Mater. V. 350. P. 114–118.
  20. Wang L., Zhang M.G., Guo J.D., Zhang B.H., Xu X.H. The reaction mechanism in the hydrothermal synthesis of Nd2Fe14B magnetic particles // J. Solid State Chem. 2021. 296. P. 122003.
  21. Mushnikov N.V., Terent’ev P.B., and Rosenfel’d E.V. Magnetic Anisotropy of the Nd2Fe14B Сompound and Its Hydride Nd2Fe14BH4 // The Phys. Met. Metal. 2007. V. 103. N. 1. Р. 39–50.
  22. Mishima C., Hamada N., Mitarai H., Honkura Y. Development of a Co-free NdFeB anisotropic bonded magnet produced from the d-HDDR processed powder // IEEE Trans. Magn. 2001. V. 37. № 4. 2467–2470.

Қосымша файлдар

Қосымша файлдар
Әрекет
1. JATS XML
Жүктеу
2. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the structural changes during the HDDR process: (a) initial alloy with large Nd2Fe14B and Nd grains; (b) hydrogen penetration into the alloy along the grain boundary. Structural changes during d-HDDR: (c) hydrogenation of Nd2Fe14B grains occurs locally and propagates as a front; (d) thin NdH2 and Fe2B plates combined into small colonies are formed as a result of the early stage of HD. Structural changes during s-HDDR: (d) hydrogen penetration occurs almost along the entire grain boundary; (e) thickened plates forming large colonies are formed at the early stage of HD.

Жүктеу (231KB)
Метадеректер
3. Fig. 2. Formation of spherical grains of NdH2 and Fe2B during the end of the HD stage (a); formation of a submicron structure within the boundaries of the initial Nd2Fe14B grain as a result of the HDDR process (b).

Жүктеу (258KB)
Метадеректер
4. Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of d-HDDR with preliminary Hydrogen Decripitation (HDe) reaction (a); Tdisp – disproportionation onset temperature. Schematic diagram of s-HDDR with preliminary HDe reaction (b).

Жүктеу (125KB)
Метадеректер
5. Fig. 4. Diffraction patterns of d- and s-HDDR powders obtained at different hydrogen pressures (unmarked reflections correspond to the main phase Nd2Fe14B).

Жүктеу (221KB)
Метадеректер
6. Fig. 5. Limiting magnetic hysteresis loops of d-HDDR powders obtained at a hydrogen pressure of (a) 20 kPa and (b) 30 kPa. (c, d) – actual schemes of the HD stages during an increase in temperature from T1 to T2 and the beginning of the DR stages of d-HDDR processes: I – the region where hydrogen was not additionally pumped out of the ampoule and the areas of decreasing pressure are due to sorption; II – the region where premature hydrogen desorption occurs as a result of thermodynamic equilibrium violation during heating (areas of increasing pressure), hydrogen is pumped out using a vacuum post (vertical sections); III – pumping out of the ampoule (DR stage); 1 – cooling as a result of desorption starting due to the evacuation of the ampoule, 2 – the area of ​​slow pumping of hydrogen into the ampoule.

Жүктеу (333KB)
Метадеректер
7. Fig. 6. Typical appearance of the alloy heating process in a hydrogen/argon environment and the HD stage at the moment of hydrogen pumping during s-HDDR. The dashed line highlights the boundaries of the sections where the following are typical: 1 – hydrogen desorption; 2 – absorption of desorbed hydrogen; 3, 5 – weak absorption of hydrogen during the HD stage; 4 – active sorption during the HD stage.

Жүктеу (74KB)
Метадеректер
8. Fig. 7. Limiting magnetic hysteresis loops measured with the texture axis oriented along the applied field for s-HDDR powders synthesized at hydrogen pressures of 90 and 110 kPa.

Жүктеу (72KB)
Метадеректер